Line voltage (AC) problems

Line voltage (AC) problems:

Croatian powerlines do not satisfy international standards. Long-distance and local powerlines are mostly old and overground situated, causing great energy losses (ca.16%). Old electrical installations and unreliable groundings (quasi-groundings) cause safety and line voltage problems. All in demonstrate the quality of electric current supply. (C) ^*2)

Power failure happens. Switching on causes uncontroled and powerfull electric shocks (cause damages and burn out of electronic devices). (C) ^*2)

Professinal and commercial electrical devices are designed upon international AC standards. Line voltage instabilities ^*3) are big problem of Croatian powerlines. Somewhere voltage is higher, other places lower, and mostly changeable and unstable. Voltage instabilities disturb electrical devices regular operation. (C) ^*2)

In local powerlines, with every powerful electical device ^*4) switch on, emerges instant line voltage fall. Voltage fall immediately originates fast and powerful line voltage increase - shock. Devices power determines reach and intesity of AC shock ^*5). Reach can vary from the flat, building, to the city area. Frequent line voltage falls/shocks cause electrical devices operating disturbances; shocks cause serious damages. (W) ^*2)

During operation, electrical devices produce voltage dirts (deviations) ^*6), and return them into power lines, producing line noise.
External disturbances produce other part of line noise. Powerline wires are passive antennas, which capture electro-magnetic interferences (EMI), like VHF waves (cell phones, radios, TV-s, satelites...).Those signals produce extra line noise.
Line noise is "collection" of micro-, mini- and midi-line voltage deviations..
Line noise disturbes electrical devices operation. The highest degree of line noise is in urban and industrial powerlines; also in powerlines with permanent low voltage (rural aerias). Powerlines line noise pollution increases daily becouse of: aged powerlines, more and more electrical devices, VHF technology growth…). Line noise is serius problem even in the countries with the highest standards of powerlines ^*7). (W) ^*2)

In powerlines different voltage deviations interact. Interactions intesify and multiply deviations. Result is: pretty high appereance of voltage deviations in powerlines (few hundreds in one second). (W)^*2)

Power lines imperfections and external disturbances cause unstable AC frequency. It disturbs electrical devices operating precision and regularity (especially devices with electromotors and quartz regulation). (C) ^*2)

There are a few hundreds different causes of line voltage instabilities. Here are mentioned just some of them, which partialy demonstrate powerlines conditions and problems. Strict and precise current and AC measurements in powerlines, probably would show exceptions to declared values.

Split, may 2002.